Beth--what I thought was interesting about this article--one of the things is what was discussed regarding the changes that may occur in the fetus if the mother has a virus or infection during gestation. There is something called Vertical Translocation and that is what the maybe "inherits" from the mother's womb directly related to the condition of her internal "eco system". This directly effects the baby's immune system. I find with our patients with IC having carried babies while imbalanced-those babies have more "issues" relating to inflammation. These issues are most commonly things like allergies, asthma, and eczema and in a few cases I have even seen IC (developing in the early years tragically), however, I feel quite certain that spectrum issues also fall along this line. I would therefor take the approach of working on that baby's microbiome as an approach to changing his or her physiology. This is what we do once the problems appear, and sometimes even before. I hope this helps!!